Table of Contents
Which drug is considered a radiosensitizer?
Etiology and Biocharacteristics. Radiation sensitizers include primarily traditional chemotherapy agents (i.e., gemcitabine, interferon-α, 13-cis-retinoic acid, doxorubicin, docetaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin, dactinomycin, methotrexate, 5-FU, bleomycin, and hydroxyurea).
Why cisplatin is a radiosensitizer?
The fact that a terminal cisplatin lesion results in inhibition of DNA-PKcs catalyzed kinase and autophosphorylation activity59 60, indicates that both NHEJ and HR catalyzed repair of DNA DSBs containing cisplatin lesions would be inhibited and therefore contribute to the radiosensitization activity of cisplatin.
What is a radiosensitizer used for?
Any substance that makes tumor cells easier to kill with radiation therapy. Some radiosensitizers are being studied in the treatment of cancer. Also called radiosensitizing agent.
Is paclitaxel a radiosensitizer?
Abstract. Paclitaxel is efficacious against many human cancers. Because it blocks cells at the radiosensitive G2-M interface, paclitaxel has been investigated as a radiosensitiser.
Is doxorubicin a radiosensitizer?
Colony-forming assays demonstrated that composite doxorubicin-loaded micelles are radiosensitive, as shown by significantly reduced survival of cells treated by radiation + composite micelles compared with those treated with radiation + free doxorubicin or radiation alone.
Is chemotherapy a radiosensitizer?
Abstract. The combination of low-dose chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy is one of the treatments proposed in an attempt to improve the prognosis of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs administered at subtoxic doses act by means of a radiosensitization mechanism.
How does chemotherapy work as a radiosensitizer?
6.4 Chemo-radiotherapy Radiation therapy uses various external energy sources such as X-rays and protons to shrink tumors by disrupting their DNA. Some radiosensitizers are directly toxic by themselves, while others show toxicity only on exposure to radiation.
Which of the following is an example of radiosensitizer?
Examples of radiosensitizers currently in use are cisplatin and gemcitabine, although many molecularly targeted agents are currently under investigation as potential radiosensitizers. Radioprotectors are agents that protect cells (organs, organisms) from the damaging effects of ionizing radiation.
Is carboplatin a radiosensitizer?
Like cisplatin, carboplatin is an effective radiosensitizer in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems, targeting the hypoxic cell population as well as potentiating cell kill after irradiation [32, 33].
Can you shrink a tumor with radiation?
Radiation therapy kills cancer cells or slows their growth by damaging their DNA. Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
Is capecitabine a radiosensitizer?
Conclusion: Concurrent chemoradiation using capecitabine as a radiosensitizer in the adjuvant setting for pancreatic cancer was completed by the vast majority of patients in this series. Treatment was relatively well-tolerated, and its efficacy seems comparable to that for historical controls.
Is oxygen a radiosensitizer?
Oxygen is a potent radiosensitizer, increasing the effectiveness of a given dose of radiation by forming DNA-damaging free radicals. Tumor cells in a hypoxic environment may be as much as 2 to 3 times more resistant to radiation damage than those in a normal oxygen environment.
Is capecitabine a chemotherapy?
Capecitabine is a type of chemotherapy. It is used as a treatment for different types of cancer, including bowel cancer. You might have capecitabine on its own or with other chemotherapy drugs. You might also have it with radiotherapy.
Why is capecitabine given radiation?
The Study Treatment: Radiation therapy and capecitabine are both designed to interfere with the growth of cancer cells. Study Therapy: If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, you will receive radiation therapy once or twice a day, 5 days a week, for about 5 -7 weeks.
What are radiosensitizers and Radioprotectors?
Radioprotectors are the compounds that are used to decrease the damage to normal tissue caused by radiation. Radiosensitizers are the products that are used to enhance radiation damage to tumor cells [1]. These agents are collectively known as radiation modifiers.
Is cisplatin a good chemo drug?
Presently, cisplatin is one of the most powerful chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of ovarian cancer; even though resistance is typical [20]. In ovarian germ cell cancer, the use of cisplatin brings about high response rates [21].
What are side effects of cisplatin?
Side Effects
- Black, tarry stools.
- blood in urine or stools.
- burning, numbness, tingling, or painful sensations.
- change in frequency of urination or amount of urine.
- cough or hoarseness.
- difficulty in breathing.
- feeling of fullness in the ears.
- fever or chills.
Is a functional NHEJ pathway required for cisplatin dependent radiosensitization?
The finding that there was no synergism in the DNA-PK null cells indicates that a functional NHEJ pathway is required for cisplatin dependent radiosensitization. What remain unknown is the role other DSB repair pathways potentially play in repairing compound lesions.
How effective is carboplatin as a radiosensitizer?
Like cisplatin, carboplatin is an effective radiosensitizer in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems, targeting the hypoxic cell population as well as potentiating cell kill after irradiation [ 32, 33 ].
Which cytotoxic agents are radiosensitizing agents?
Newer cytotoxic agents with radiosensitizing properties, such as topotecan, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, capecitabine, and gemcitabine, have demonstrated promising activity either alone or in combination with cisplatin in phase I studies or small phase II studies.
What is gemcitabine radiosensitization?
Gemcitabine radiosensitizes a wide variety of human cancer cell lines. Radiosensitization can be produced by either long exposure to a low concentration of gemcitabine or by a brief treatment with a higher but clinically relevant concentration.