Table of Contents
What is the Risser grade in scoliosis?
Risser grading is traditionally used to estimating the future growth potential of the adolescent spine, particularly in the setting of spinal scoliosis. Risser originally recognized that ossification of the iliac apophyses approximately parallels the ossification of the vertebral apophyses.
How is Risser grade calculated?
Risser sign classifications are on a scale of 0-5. Risser 0 indicates that there is a significant amount of growth remaining, while Risser 5 indicates skeletal maturity. Doctors follow the amount of ossification on a patient’s x-ray to determine the Risser sign (pelvis must be visualized).
What are Risser stages?
The Risser Staging System Stage 0 describes an x-ray on which no ossification center is seen in the apophysis, whereas Stage 5 represents complete ossification and fusion of the iliac apophysis. Two slightly different versions of the Risser system are in use; the differences concern Stages 2 to 4 [2, 3, 13].
What is a Risser 0?
Risser 0 is the first Risser stage when ossification of the epiphyseal plate over the iliac crest has not yet begun. In simpler terms, new bone has not yet started forming at the top of the pelvis – indicating significant remaining growth.
What does Risser 1 mean?
Risser stage 0 or 1 could indicate years of skeletal growth still to go and a major growth spurt in the future, whereas Risser stage 4 or 5 could indicate little or no growth remains.
What is Risser stage1?
At the Risser 1 stage of growth, a pelvic x-ray will show up to 25% ossification, or “capping” at the top of the iliac crest apophysis from lateral to medial (outside to inside). Girls typically reach Risser 1 just after menses occurs, however, that’s not a hard and fast rule.
What is Risser stage4?
Risser 4 indicates ossification of the iliac crest apophysis at 75% or more. “Capping” from lateral to medial (outside to inside) is nearly complete and skeletal maturity is approaching. From our perspective, there is more to say about Risser 4 than the other Risser stages.
What does Risser 2 mean?
Risser 2 means that the child is still growing, but by this point the rate of growth has typically slowed down. By Risser 2, most girls have experienced menarche, and boys have experienced voice change. Growth continues, although usually not at the rate it has in previous months.
What does Risser stage 2 mean?
What is a Risser 5?
Risser 5 is the last Risser sign. It indicates skeletal maturity. An x-ray will show complete ossification and fusion of the iliac crest apophysis. An example of Risser 5, as seen on a pelvic x-ray.
What does Risser stage 3 mean?
When a pelvic x-ray shows about 50-75% ossification of the iliac crest apophysis (from the outside to inside), this indicates Risser 3. As with Risser 2, this growth stage indicates continued but slowing growth, especially for girls.
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